In recent years, essential oils (EOs) have gained popularity because they are readily available in different plants, and they also present low toxicity for mammals and high degradation patterns.ĮOs have been tested as botanical insecticides against a wide range of pests that attack crops such as lettuce, coffee, soybean, cereal grains, legumes, and maize. Under this scenario, the need to reduce or replace the use of synthetic insecticides with natural products has led to the search for eco-friendly methods of pest control. As a result, producers have higher costs, while their products may not have access to some international markets ( Rodriguez-Saona et al., 2019 Wahab et al., 2022). Because of this, some synthetic insecticides have been banned or their use has been restricted and regulated, with maximum residue limits (MRLs) being lowered in some countries. Even though traditional methods used to control pests with synthetic insecticides have successfully counteracted such damage, their use and excessive application have harmed human health and the environment ( Nicolopoulou-Stamati et al., 2016). capitata) crops ranges from 10 to 90%, with an average of 35 to 45% ( Pavela, 2016), varying significantly depending on the type of pest and crop, climatic conditions, and incidence of natural enemies ( Grzywacz et al., 2014). Insect damage on Brassica (Brassica napus L, Brassica oleracea var. Some subspecies of this group are classified as quarantine pests requiring phytosanitary treatments to ensure that exported products are free of these pests. Adults have a mouthpart with powerful jaws that allow them to consume the laminae of leaves, shoots, twigs, and fruits, causing deep gouges in lignified tissues of trees and woody shrubs ( Espinoza et al., 2016). When they are in the larval stage, they attack plantations, causing damage to the neck and crown of the plants ( Espinoza et al., 2018). The life cycle of this pest passes through the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult ( Fiaboe et al., 2012). Some species of weevil are harmful to agriculture, affecting plantations and stored products ( Tewari et al., 2014). This mini-review focusses on EOs used as bioinsecticides for the control of Curculionidae and on current stabilization techniques, such as nanoencapsulation, to prolog the biocidal effect of EOs against these pests.Ĭurculionids (Curculionidae), known as weevils, are a family of herbivorous phytophagous coleopterans. It has been determined that EOs have repellent, ovicidal, larvicidal, and insecticidal effects against different types of pests, but they also have some drawbacks due to their high volatility and low aqueous solubility. Under this scenario, essential oils (EOs) are being increasingly studied as bioinsecticides because they are renewable, natural, biodegradable, non-persistent in the environment and safe to non-target organism and humans. Due to this, some of these susbtances have been banned or restricted in many countries, which has reduced the number of agrochemicals that can be used for pest control, particularly in the case of crops exported to green markets such as Europe and Asia. However, it has been determined that synthetic pesticides present severe toxicity (residual), while they also result in environmental contamination and development of high-level resistance in some insect species. Pesticides are widely used in producing food to control pests. 5Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.4Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.3Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Puerto Montt, Chile.2Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco, Chile. 1Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |